Skin microbiome na kowane nau'in EB (2023)

Sabuwar ilimin da aka gano a cikin wannan aikin ya bayyana abin da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (kwayoyin cuta, fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta) suke rayuwa akan fata. Lamba da nau'in sun ƙunshi 'microbiome' na fata. Kwatanta canje-canje a cikin microbiome na blistered da rashin blistered fata na mutane tare da kuma ba tare da daban-daban iri EB gano alamu da suka canza a lokacin rauni warkar.

Kwayoyin rigakafi (neutrophils) daga samfurori na jini an gano sun fi aiki, musamman a cikin JEB, don haka magungunan da ke kwantar da hankulan waɗannan kwayoyin halitta za a iya bincikar su azaman jiyya.

Wani takamaiman furotin da aka samu a cikin ruwan blister daga mutanen da ba tare da EB ba wanda ya ɓace daga mutanen da ke da EB shima zai iya zama sabon manufa don hanyoyin warkewa.

A cikin Disamba 2023, Farfesa Chapple ya buga sakamako daga aikin da DEBRA UK ke bayarwa mai taken Daidaitawar Genotype-phenotype a cikin Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa: alamomi zuwa tsanani. An kuma ruwaito wannan a cikin labarin don masu sauraro gaba ɗaya.

"Binciken mu ya haɓaka fahimtar halin yanzu game da matsayin microbiome na fata, abun ciki na furotin da ke cikin blister da halayen aikin neutrophil a cikin EB zai warke. Wannan na iya haifar da haɓakar suturar novel da sake daidaita hanyoyin kwantar da hankali kamar haɓakar pre- da probiotics”

Farfesa Iain Chapple

An tattara samfuran swab na fata 94 kuma an fara nazarin microbiome. Sakamakon farko ya nuna bambanci a cikin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta da ke rayuwa a sassa daban-daban na jiki da kuma bambanci tsakanin waɗanda ke kan fatar mutanen da ke da DEB da JEB idan aka kwatanta da mutanen da ba su da EB.

An tattara samfurori 16 na ruwan blister na EB kuma an yi nazari don sanin wane sunadaran tsarin rigakafi (cytokines) ya karu ko rage. Wannan ya ba da wasu shaidun cewa amsawar rigakafi na iya haifar da lalacewa maimakon warkarwa a wasu nau'ikan EB.

A Poster Takaitacciyar ci gaban da aka samu har zuwa yau an gabatar da shi a Society of Investigative Dermatologists a watan Mayu 2022.

Jagoran bincike: Farfesa Iain Chapple shi ne Farfesa na Periodontology kuma Shugaban Makarantar Dentistry a Jami'ar Birmingham UK kuma mai ba da shawara a cikin Restorative Dentistry.

Yana jagorantar wata ƙungiya mai ƙarfi a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ƙungiyar Bincike na Periodontal na Birmingham kuma shine Daraktan Bincike na Cibiyar Kimiyyar Clinical a Jami'ar Birmingham. Iain yana gudanar da sabis na baka na asibiti na ƙasa da sabis na hakori don manya EB marasa lafiya tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Farfesa Adrian Heagerty, mai ba da shawara akan fata da EB gwani. Iain ya sami lambar yabo ta Charles Tomes ta Royal College of Surgeons a 2012 don bincikensa da kuma Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a 2018.

Masu bincike: Dr Sarah Kuehne, Dr Josefine Hirschfeld, Dr Melissa M Grant da Farfesa Adrian Heagerty

“Muna matukar farin ciki da tallafin DEBRA don wannan aikin, musamman idan aka ba da tallafi mai ƙarfi da sha’awar majinyatan EB ɗinmu da wakilai a ƙarshen mako na Membobin DEBRA na 2019. Wannan zai ba mu damar amsa tambayoyi masu mahimmanci game da abin da ƙwayoyin cuta ke rayuwa akan fata kuma suna mamaye raunuka, da kuma wane tasiri za su iya yi kan yadda tsarin garkuwar jikin mu ke amsa musu da kuma shafar yadda wuraren blister ke warkewa. Daga karshe, muna fatan wannan zai taimaka a nan gaba don samar da sabbin hanyoyin magance jiyya."

Farfesa Iain Chapple

Don neman ƙarin bayani game da wannan aikin, zaku iya duba gabatarwar Membobin DEBRA's Weekend 2018 anan.

Taken Grant: Halayen microbiome na fata da bincike na aikin neutrophil a cikin marasa lafiya na epidermolysis bullosa.

Me ake bincike?
Wannan binciken zai binciki nau'in kwayoyin cuta daban-daban da ke cikin fatar mutanen da ke da epidermolysis bullosa (EB). Jikin ɗan adam yana da adadin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta sau biyu idan aka kwatanta da sel ɗan adam don haka a zahiri mun kasance haɗaɗɗun abubuwan ɗan adam da ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma lafiya yana buƙatar tsarin garkuwar jikin mu ya rayu cikin jituwa da ƙwayoyin cuta. Yawancin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta suna da abokantaka. Koyaya, a cikin raunukan EB, ƙwayoyin cuta na iya canzawa kuma su haifar da cututtuka, jinkirta warkar da rauni, haifar da tabo. A halin yanzu, ƙwayoyin cuta da ke zaune a kan fatar mutanen da ke da EB ba a san su sosai ba. Wannan kungiya ta shirya yin bincike kan wane irin kwayoyin cuta ne a cikin fatar mutanen da ke dauke da cutar EB da kuma yadda suke da hali.

Me yasa ake binciken wannan?
Jikin ɗan adam yana da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na musamman don kare shi daga cututtuka. Matsayin su shine ganowa da lalata duk wani ƙwayoyin cuta na waje ko ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda zasu iya sa mu rashin lafiya. A cikin lafiya, muna da ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɓaka lafiya, waɗanda ke rayuwa cikin jin daɗi tare da tsarin garkuwar jikin mu, duk da haka, idan yanayi ya canza (misali rauni da ke haifar da kumburi), ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban na iya fara girma kuma hakan na iya tayar da garkuwar jikin mu. A wasu cututtuka, idan hakan ya faru, ƙwayoyin rigakafi ba sa aiki yadda ya kamata kuma suna iya wuce gona da iri ga wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, ta hanyar da kuma ke lalata kyallen jikinmu kuma suna iya jinkirta warkar da rauni.

Me ya sa wannan yake da muhimmanci?
Wannan bincike shine mabuɗin don fahimtar ko takamaiman ƙwayoyin rigakafi, waɗanda ake kira neutrophils, suna aiki yadda yakamata a cikin epidermolysis bullosa (EB). Mutane da yawa da EB ya shafa sau da yawa suna fama da cututtuka daban-daban kuma wannan alama ce cewa tsarin garkuwar jikinsu ba zai yi aiki sosai ba. Binciken yadda neutrophils ke aiki zai iya ba da shaida don tsara zaɓuɓɓukan magani wanda zai iya inganta ikon su don kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɓarna, ƙyale kwayoyin lafiya su dawo kuma su sake tabbatar da wannan muhimmiyar ma'auni tsakanin kwayoyin mu "lafiya" da tsarin mu na rigakafi.
Wadannan bangarori guda biyu za a yi nazari a kansu domin a wasu cututtuka an san cewa kwayoyin cuta da kuma martanin rigakafi daga gare su suna da alaƙa. Dukansu ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin rigakafi suna fitar da sigina waɗanda ke yin tasiri akan warkar da fata, wanda zai iya haifar da cutarwa ga fata kuma yana iya sa mu zama masu saurin kamuwa da wasu cututtuka. Hakanan za a sami sakonni ko sakonnin "kwayoyin halitta" waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen warkar da fata kuma mafi fahimtar waɗannan zasu sauƙaƙe ci gaban jiyya da ke dakatar da alamun cutarwa amma haɓaka masu taimako. Ta hanyar haɗa waɗannan wuraren bincike tare, muna fatan ci gaba da haɓaka ingantaccen zaɓuɓɓukan magani don warkar da rauni a cikin mutanen da ke da EB a nan gaba.

Fatar jikin fata tana da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa, irin su ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, da ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda yawancinsu ba su da lahani da abokantaka. Duk da haka, idan akwai raunin da ke haifar da kumburi, waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya yin hali daban-daban, haifar da cututtuka, rashin lafiyan raunuka, da haifar da tabo. Jikin ɗan adam yana da ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda ke kare mu daga cututtuka kuma suna taimaka mana mu yaƙi su, gano ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna lalata su, don haka raunin zai iya warkewa.

A wasu cututtuka, ƙwayoyin rigakafi ba sa yin aiki kamar yadda ya kamata kuma suna iya wuce gona da iri ga wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, suna haifar da jinkirin warkar da rauni da lalata kyallen jikinmu a matsayin sakamako mai illa. Ayyukanmu da nufin gano waɗanne ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne ke zaune a fata a cikin EB, idan sun canza yayin warkar da rauni, kuma ko takamaiman nau'in kwayar cutar ta jiki, neutrophil, yana aiki daidai a cikin mutanen da ke da EB. A al'adance ana tunanin EB azaman yanayin gado ne kawai wanda ke haifar da kumburin fata tare da rauni mai rauni. Koyaya, muna ba da shawarar cewa jinkirin warkar da raunukan fata a cikin EB na iya haifar da, a wani ɓangare daga waɗannan mahimman ƙwayoyin rigakafi ba sa aiki yadda yakamata.

Nazarin microbes na fata na iya zama hadaddun. Da farko, saboda ƙananan lambobi na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a kan fata, yana da ƙalubalen da fasaha ta gwada su don gudanar da kowane bincike. Abu na biyu, al'ummomin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna canzawa a cikin abun da ke ciki a ko'ina cikin jiki: abun da ke tattare da microbiome na fata akan hannaye ya bambanta da na ƙafafu. Don haka, dole ne mu tabbatar da cewa mun yi amfani da hanyar da ta dace, kamar su auduga, kuma mun sami damar gano ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, kafin mu ɗauki samfurori daga marasa lafiyar EB.

Da zarar mun tabbatar da cewa hanyoyinmu sun yi aiki, mun ba da kayan swabbing kuma mun tambayi mutanen da ke da kuma ba tare da EB ba su dauki swabs na fata lokacin da blister ya samu don su iya canja wurin microbes daga fata zuwa swab. Ta hanyar kallon DNA, wanda ke aiki a matsayin lambar lamba, mun sami damar faɗin waɗanne kwayoyin halitta ne da abin da suke yi.

Ba wai kawai mun lura da fata ba, amma mun lura da bambance-bambance a kan fata na blisters, da kuma yadda waɗannan al'ummomin ke canzawa yayin warkar da raunuka. Mun gano cewa fatar marasa lafiya na EB suna da ƙarin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙayyadaddun rukuni da ake kira "bacillales", kuma abin da ke tattare da wannan rukuni ya kasance na musamman ga kowane nau'in EB. Mun kuma ga bambance-bambance a cikin fungi da ke zaune a cikin fata na mutanen da ke da EB da kuma yadda waɗannan canje-canje a lokacin warkar da raunuka.

Wani muhimmin al'amari na aikin mu shine fahimtar abin da ke faruwa a cikin blisters da kuma yadda tsarin rigakafi na mutanen da EB ke amsawa ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Mun tambayi masu aikin sa kai da su tattara ruwa daga blisters kuma mun bincika ruwan blister don bincika da ƙididdige sunadaran da aka samu a cikinsu. Mun nuna cewa akwai yuwuwar bambance-bambance a cikin waɗannan sunadaran da za su iya gaya mana game da yadda blisters ke tasowa ko waraka. Musamman, mun gano wani muhimmin furotin wanda ba a samo shi a cikin mutanen da ke da EB ba amma an samo shi a cikin mutane ba tare da yanayin ba. Yanzu muna nufin fahimtar aikin wannan furotin kuma idan zai iya zama abin da ake nufi da manufar jiyya. Mun kuma gano sa hannun sunadaran don duk nau'ikan nau'ikan ruwan blister da aka bincika, yana ba mu damar yin bayanin bambance-bambance tsakanin nau'ikan EB.

Mun lura da bambance-bambance a cikin halayen neutrophils, takamaiman nau'in kwayar cutar da aka samu a cikin jini. Waɗannan sel sune farkon masu amsawa yayin kamuwa da cuta da warkar da rauni, kuma mun lura da yadda suke amsawa ga ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin marasa lafiya tare da EB. Mun sami ƙarin martanin neutrophil, musamman a cikin mutanen da EB junctional ya shafa idan aka kwatanta da mutanen da ba su da yanayin. Wannan ƙazamin ɗabi'a yana da alaƙa da lalacewar nama a cikin mai gida kuma yana iya yin bayani ko ba da gudummawa don rage warkar da rauni. Ana iya rage waɗannan tasirin tare da samfuran halitta waɗanda ke hana irin wannan lalacewa, wanda zai iya wakiltar wani sabon salon jiyya.

A hade bincikenmu ya gano waɗanne ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne ke zaune a cikin fatar marasa lafiya na EB, yadda suke canzawa yayin warkar da rauni, da kuma yadda jiki ke amsa ƙwayoyin cuta. Godiya ga wannan sabon ilimin, yana iya yiwuwa a samar da sababbin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ko gyaran raunuka ta amfani da pre- da probiotics da / ko antioxidant micronutrients, ko maye gurbin furotin don mayar da lafiya da kuma aikin fata flora, iyakance hadarin kamuwa da cuta a cikin mutanen da ke zaune tare da. EB da kuma taimakawa wajen inganta raunuka. (Daga rahoton ci gaba na ƙarshe na 2023.)

• Da zarar an sauƙaƙe matakan cutar, shigar da marasa lafiya tare da EB ya ci gaba zuwa ƙarshe.
• An gano bambance-bambancen da za su iya yin tasiri da tasiri akan hakar DNA don microbiome na EB kuma an gwada su kuma an ayyana mafi kyawun yarjejeniya don nazarin marasa lafiya na EB.
• An yi amfani da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsari don tattarawa da fitar da samfuran swab na fata guda 94.
• Samfurori 44 sun yi jerin gwano da nazarin halittu. Binciken ɓangarori na waɗannan ya nuna bambanci tsakanin microbiome na mutanen da ke fama da junctional EB ko dystrophic EB da mutane masu lafiya.
• Ana buƙatar yin la'akari da shafukan jiki don samun cikakkiyar fahimta game da microbiome na fata a cikin EB.
• Sauran samfuran an yi nasarar sarrafa su kuma an jera su kuma a halin yanzu ana gudanar da nazarin nazarin halittu.
• Mun bincika samfuran ruwa blister guda 16 don abun ciki na cytokine da ayyukan protease.

Fatar ɗan adam tana da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa kamar su ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, da ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda yawancinsu ba su da lahani da abokantaka. Duk da haka, idan akwai raunin da ke haifar da kumburin fata, waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya yin hali daban-daban, haifar da cututtuka, rashin lafiyan raunuka, da haifar da tabo.

Jikin ɗan adam yana da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na musamman waɗanda ke kare mu daga cututtuka kuma suna taimaka mana mu yaƙi su, gano ƙwayoyin cuta da lalata su. A wasu cututtuka, ƙwayoyin rigakafi ba sa yin aiki kamar yadda ya kamata kuma suna iya wuce gona da iri ga wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, suna haifar da jinkirin warkar da rauni da lalata kyallen jikinmu a matsayin sakamako mai illa.

Ayyukanmu na nufin gano waɗanne ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne ke zaune cikin fata a cikin EB, ko takamaiman nau'in kwayar cutar rigakafi, neutrophil, yana aiki daidai a cikin mutanen da ke da EB, da kuma yadda sunadaran da aka samu a cikin blisters ke canzawa a cikin EB.

A cikin binciken da aka ruwaito, mun inganta hanyar da za mu dubi ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ke rayuwa a kan fata kuma sun yi amfani da shi don tattara swabs na fata daga mutanen da ba tare da EB ba. Mun ba da kayan swabbing kuma mun tambayi mutane su ɗauki swabs na fata lokacin da blister ya samu don su iya canja wurin microbes daga fata zuwa swab. Ta hanyar kallon DNA, wanda ke aiki a matsayin lambar lamba, za mu iya faɗi abin da kwayoyin halitta suke da kuma abin da suke yi.

Muna da samfurori 94 waɗanda ke buƙatar yin nazari, kuma mun wuce rabin wannan dogon bincike mai rikitarwa. Daga binciken farko a cikin bayanan, mun lura cewa mutanen da dystrophic EB ya shafa suna da microbiome daban-daban fiye da mutanen da ba su da yanayin. Musamman, ƙungiyar ƙwayoyin cuta, proteobacteria, sun fi yawa a cikin mutanen da ke da yanayin fata. Mun lura da irin wannan yanayin a cikin mutanen da EB junctional ya shafa. Ta hanyar duba dalla-dalla kan yadda kwayoyin halitta ke zama cikin fatar mutanen da JEB ta shafa, mun kuma nuna muhimmancin yin la'akari da wane wurin jikin da tabo ta samu. A gaskiya ma, microbiome na idon sawun ya bambanta sosai da ɗayan hannu, har ma a cikin mutane ba tare da EB ba. Don haka, yana da mahimmanci a kwatanta samfurori daga rukunin jiki ɗaya.

Yayin da muke ci gaba da nazarin mu, za mu sami ƙarin haske game da microbiome na mutanen da ke da EB, kuma za mu iya gano yuwuwar ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta don haka ma yiwuwar sabbin dabarun warkewa.

Bugu da ƙari, mun bincika sunadaran da aka samo a cikin blisters na marasa lafiya tare da EB. Mun nuna cewa akwai yuwuwar bambance-bambance a cikin waɗannan sunadaran da za su iya gaya mana game da yadda kumburin ke fitowa ko waraka. Ana ci gaba da yin ƙarin aiki don ƙara gano wannan. (Daga rahoton ci gaba na 2022).